Complex lifting programs: application of hardware techniques

Face lifting is a rather complex problem, and attempts to solve it exclusively with the use of monoprocedures in modern practice take a back seat. This is logical, since age-related changes in facial contours are associated with many factors at different tissue levels.

Changes in the epidermis and dermis:

• thinning of the epidermis, alignment of dermo-epidermal compounds;
• a decrease in the size of fibroblasts and a decrease in their activity;
• decrease in collagen synthesis, ratio III/I types;
• and other.

Changes at a deeper level:

• changes in the fibromuscular layer (SMAS);
• transformation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (hyper- or hypotrophy).

The correction of at least three levels - dermis, hypodermis and muscle framework of the face - gave rise to the term "multilevel lifting".

Full version of the access article in Ukrainian