Skin hyperpigmentation: types and causes of their occurrence

Persistent skin dyschromia is a pronounced cosmetic defect in which hyper- and depigmented spots are in themselves the main cause of stimulating serious psychological disorders, which in turn support skin dyschromia. Often, the desire to get rid of dyschromia is the only incentive that makes the patient go to a medical institution.

Hyperpigmentation can include chloasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, toxic melanoderma, medicinal melanoderma, lentigo, ephelides (swallows), some photodermatoses, melanoderma caused by metabolic disorders or endocrine pathology.

Pigment formation is a complex biochemical process that occurs in the skin and depends on many factors. The synthesis of the melanin pigment comes from the amino acid tyrosine under the action of the enzyme tyrosinase in the cells of the epidermis, melanocytes, which are located under the layer of basal keratinocytes.

Melanin synthesized with melanosis is transferred to keratinocytes by melanocyte processes, where it accumulates and is evenly distributed, giving the skin a certain shade.

Hyperpigmentation can be caused by almost all types of chemical peeling and dermabrasion, as well as cosmetology procedures accompanied by trauma to the skin (subcutaneous injections, insertion of implants, epilation, facial cleansing, plastic surgery.)

Full version of the access article in Ukrainian