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The article was translated into English using automatic translation. The editors are working on its improvement.

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The Q-switched neodymium laser with frequency doubling is currently the most modern: the maximum power for this type of laser, coupled with the ability to step-by-step change in power and number of pulses, allows the specialist to discolor any pigmented formations. It can be used to remove tattoos, permanent makeup, tattoos, tattoo makeup of almost all colors and shades - both professional and handicraft; with pigment granules introduced into both the epidermis and the dermis. This type of laser uses an yttrium-garnet crystal. The wavelength of the emitted light is 1064 nm. Thanks to the frequency doubler (KTP), the device also works at a wavelength of 532 nm. The Q-switched (Q-swithed), which is used in the formation of light pulses, makes their duration very short (up to 6 ns) at high power of light energy. <img alt="" src="https://pro.bhub.com.ua/permanent/upload/files/%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC.jpg" style="width: 1200px; height: 750px;" /><h2 style="text-align: center;"> Types of neodymium lasers</h2> There are two types of neodymium laser - infrared and yellow-green. Using an infrared laser, black, dark blue and dark green tattoos are removed, the pigment granules of which are located not only in the epidermis, but also in the dermis (regardless of color saturation). When using this laser, the risk of pigmentation changes is not high. The yellow-green laser is used to remove red, orange and yellow tattoos located in the epidermis, as well as amateur and desaturated professional tattoos of red and orange colors, the dyes of which are located in the dermis. Deeply located yellow and orange dyes, even unsaturated ones, can be resistant to removal. It also easily removes blue and light blue tattoos located in the epidermis, as well as amateur and unsaturated professional tattoos of the same colors, the dyes of which are located in the dermis. Consider the technical characteristics of some lasers included in this group. Nd:YAG KTP No. 280 Laser type: Q-switched neodymium laser with frequency doubling. The maximum pulse power is 1300mj, with the possibility of step-by-step power change in steps of 10 units. Wavelength: 1064 nm, 532 nm. Operating mode: Pulse, with Q-switching. Pulse duration: 6 ns with the possibility of changing the time delay from 1 to 6 ns in steps of 1 unit. Pulse energy: 1064 nm to 1.7 J 532 nm to 0.9 J Energy density: 1064 nm 12 J/cm2 at dia. 4 mm 532 nm 8 J/cm2 at dia. 3 mm Spot diameter: 1064 nm 3.5.7 mm 532 nm 2.3.5 mm Pulse repetition frequency: up to 20 Hz with the possibility of smooth adjustment in the range of 1 Hz / 20 Hz Management: Microprocessor. Output of radiation: Flexible mirror manipulator. Cooling: High performance closed water-air circuit, allowing long procedures without interruption to cool the radiant elements. Power supply: 220 V, 50 Hz, 10 A Dimensions: 40 x 25 x 24 cm (without manipulator) Weight: 12 kg <img alt="" src="https://pro.bhub.com.ua/permanent/upload/files/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%20%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80.jpg" style="width: 1200px; height: 800px;" /> Nd:YAG KITI №180 Neodymium (Nd:YAG) laser for tattoo removal, permanent makeup, permanent makeup, tattoo makeup Laser type: Q-switched neodymium laser with frequency doubling. Maximum pulse power 800mj Wavelength: 1064 nm, 532 nm Operating mode: Pulse, with Q-switching. Pulse Width: 9 ns Pulse energy: 1064 nm to 1 J 532 nm to 0.5 J Energy density: 1064 nm 8 J/cm2 at dia. 4 mm 532 nm 5 J/cm2 at dia. 3 mm Spot diameter: 1064 nm 3.5.7 mm 532 nm 2.3.5 mm Pulse repetition frequency: up to 7 Hz Management: Microprocessor Radiation Output: Mirror Manipulator Cooling: Closed circuit water-air Power supply: 220 V, 50 Hz, 10 A Dimensions: 30 x 16 x 22 cm (without manipulator) Weight: 8 kg <img alt="" src="https://pro.bhub.com.ua/permanent/upload/files/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%20%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80.png" style="width: 1200px; height: 383px;" /> We cannot but comment on the most common questions about permanent makeup and tattoo removal with a laser. So: What is the mechanism of action of permanent make-up or tattoo removal? Selective photocavitation of pigments located in the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin, as a result of which the pigment granules literally explode, fragmenting with the formation of the smallest fragments of the pigment. These small particles of pigment are absorbed by macrophage cells and excreted from the body through the lymphatic system. In this case, there is no damage to the healthy tissues surrounding the tattoo. The tattoo turns pale almost before our eyes, from session to session, and healthy smooth skin remains in its place. What are the indications for a laser pigmentation removal procedure? 1. Depigmentation of tattoos and permanent makeup 2. Senile (senile) age spots 3. Freckles 4. &quot;Coffee&quot; stains What are the contraindications for a tattoo removal/permanent makeup procedure? photosensitization Skin diseases (psoriasis, porphyria, eczema, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus) History of keloid scars Skin injury in the affected area Neoplasms Acute infectious diseases Fresh tan (less than 4 weeks) Taking vitamin A supplements for 6 months Taking medications that are photosensitizers (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, hormonal contraceptives, retinoids, essential oils) Decompensated stages of diabetes Thrombophlebitis and acute phlebitis in the area of the procedure Hypertension, ischemia, arrhythmia &quot;Golden Threads&quot; Epilepsy Pacemakers, metal, electric or acoustic prostheses Pregnancy, age under 18 When working on the lips, the prevention of herpes is necessary! <img alt="" src="https://pro.bhub.com.ua/permanent/upload/files/%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80.jpg" style="width: 1200px; height: 801px;" /> Is there a possibility of side effects during the tattoo removal / permanent makeup procedure, and what are these phenomena? 1. If safety precautions are not followed, burns are possible 2. Hyperemia. To relieve inflammation, it is recommended to use hydrocortisone or dexamethasone and solcoseryl ointment for epithelialization 3. Edema (recommended to relieve swelling: venoruton, heparin, cold) 4. Hematomas 5. Photosensitization 6. The appearance of pigmentless spots on the skin 7. Color enhancement after the procedure is a temporary phenomenon and is due to the fact that pigment particles rise closer to the surface of the skin 8. Possible effect of temporary hair removal What is the interval between tattoo removal / permanent makeup treatments? Between the removal procedures, it is necessary to maintain an interval of at least 28 days, optimally - 1.5-2 months. How many removal procedures are needed to achieve the result? The number of procedures varies. To remove permanent makeup - 2-4, depending on the color and the desired result. The most difficult to remove are coffee, gray-brown stains. The main points of care after the procedure? Do not steam, do not heat, do not sunbathe, use UV protection. In addition, depending on the side effects or the presence of complications. Safety precautions during the tattoo removal / permanent makeup procedure.<ul><li> To avoid eye damage:</li></ul><ol><li> Do not direct the laser beam into the eyes (when pressing the pedal, the nozzle should be directed to the intended site of pigment removal)</li><li> The client and the master must wear protective glasses.</li><li> Work on the eyelids is performed only with the use of special protective lenses.</li><li> Mirrors, glasses and other reflective surfaces must be covered with protective screens.</li></ol><ul><li> How to protect the skin from burns?</li></ul><ol><li> Press the nozzle firmly against the skin - the greater the distance, the higher the laser power</li><li> Be careful when using the 532nm nozzle - it has a stronger damaging effect</li><li> It is necessary to shave off all dark hairs in the work area</li><li> Do not work on dark and tanned skin</li><li> Start with minimum power</li><li> Press the foot on the pedal only 1 time</li><li> Use the emergency stop button on the device if there is the slightest risk of burns.</li></ol><ul><li> Electrical safety:</li></ul><ol><li> The protective cover of the device must be closed</li><li> When replacing the nozzle, the device must be turned off by turning the key</li></ol> Read also <a href="https://pro.bhub.com.ua/permanent/lazernoe-udalenie-pm-ispravlaem-osibki-masterov">Laser removal: fixing the mistakes of the masters</a> <img alt="" src="https://pro.bhub.com.ua/permanent/upload/files/%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2.jpg" style="width: 400px; height: 304px;" />

A new word in permanent makeup removal