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The article was translated into English using automatic translation. The editors are working on its improvement.

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Apparatus medicine

Face lifting is a rather complex problem, and attempts to solve it exclusively with the use of monoprocedures in modern practice take a back seat. This is logical, since age-related changes in facial contours are associated with many factors at different tissue levels.

Changes in the epidermis and dermis:

<ul>
	<li>thinning of the epidermis, alignment of dermo-epidermal compounds;</li>
	<li>a decrease in the size of fibroblasts and a decrease in their activity;</li>
	<li>decrease in collagen synthesis, ratio III/I types;</li>
	<li>and other.</li>
</ul>

Changes at a deeper level:

<ul>
	<li>changes in the fibromuscular layer (SMAS);</li>
	<li>transformation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (hyper- or hypotrophy).</li>
</ul>

<blockquote>
The correction of at least three levels - dermis, hypodermis and muscle framework of the face - gave rise to the term &quot;multilevel lifting&quot;.
</blockquote>

Full version of the access article <a href="https://pro.bhub.com.ua/cosmetology/kompleksni-programi-liftingu-zastosuvannya-aparatnih-metodik">in Ukrainian</a>

Complex lifting programs: application of hardware techniques