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Amino acids are organic compounds, derivatives of carboxylic acids, in the molecule of which one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon radical are replaced by an amino group.

Amino acid molecules contain two functional groups with opposite chemical properties: the amino group has basic properties, the carboxyl group has acidic properties. These two compounds, being in one molecule, interact with each other to form an internal salt. Proteins, peptides, as well as some biologically active compounds consist of amino acids in a free state.